Ion and neutral motions observed in the winter polar upper atmosphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Continuous samples of the ion drift are made near 800‐km altitude from the DMSP satellite and compared with remote measurements of the F region neutral winds made from the ground at Eureka in the northern polar cap. These measurements are compared with each other and with variations in the interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind. Over a 6‐day period, linear relationships between the north‐south component of the IMF and the noon‐midnight components of the ion and neutral drifts are used to determine the response times of the gas motions to changes in the solar wind driver. When the IMF is southward or weakly northward, the ion and neutral gas response begins almost immediately following a change in the solar wind driver. The time constant for the ion response is about 20 min, while for an F peak density of about 5 × 105 cm−3 the neutral time constant is 75 min. While significant variability exists, the 55‐min time difference between the response times is consistent with the neutral‐ion collision time prevailing in the F region at the time and location of the measurements. In the quasi‐equilibrium state, antisunward ion drifts in excess of 150 m s−1 drive the neutral gas antisunward with speeds about 60% of the ion drift.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".