Palladium-Alloy Catalysts as Ethanol Tolerant Cathodes for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell (DEFC) Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Palladium and palladium-alloy catalysts cathode have shown a high degree of tolerance to ethanol during the ORR in an acid medium. In particular, it was shown that the onset potential for the ORR in the presence of 0.5M C2H5OH decreases by only 33 mV and 18 mV on palladium and palladium-cobalt catalysts, respectively. This decrease in the onset potential due to the presence of ethanol on the Pd-based catalysts is more than ten times lower than those observed on Pt electrodes (513 mV). On the other hand, the palladium-based catalysts do not show any peak current attributed to the electro-oxidation of ethanol, whereas the Pt-based catalyst exhibited a high peak current related to the oxidation of ethanol. The high activity of Pd and Pd-Co catalysts for the ORR, as well as their high level of tolerance to the ethanol make them suitable candidates for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".