A rotary PIN entry scheme resilient to shoulder-surfing
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The combination of tokens or cards and personal identification numbers (PINs) are widely used for authentication in many applications including automatic teller machines (ATMs) and point of sales (POSs). Recent security incidents have shown that criminals can get these authentication tokens or cards either by pickpocketing or through fake magnetic card readers. Furthermore, PINs may also be captured through shoulder-surfing or by the use of concealed miniature cameras. Upon obtaining both authentication factors, criminals can easily break into users' accounts which presents a high security risk. In this paper, we propose a new spinwheel-like PIN entry scheme which is resilient against shoulder-surfing attacks even if the shoulder-surfer can record the entire PIN entry procedure for one time with a video device. This scheme has two variants, both of which achieve a good balance between security and usability.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it