Eicosapentaenoic acid limitation decreases weight and fecundity of the invading predator Bythotrephes longimanus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bythotrephes longimanus is an invasive predatory cladoceran that is negatively impacting North American zooplankton in the Laurentian Great Lakes and on the Canadian Shield. Concurrently, algal community composition, which affects zooplankton food quality, is changing in many lakes of the Canadian Shield. The n-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is highly retained in Bythotrephes, but the effects of EPA limitation on Bythotrephes' population dynamics are unknown. To test the hypothesis that EPA limitation results in decreased weight and fecundity of Bythotrephes, the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus was cultured in the laboratory, split into EPA-enriched lines and un-enriched controls, then fed to Daphnia ambigua, which were in turn offered to juvenile Bythotrephes. Bythotrephes consuming EPA-enriched daphniids were heavier and had larger clutch sizes than those consuming control daphniids. Both diets supported ontogenesis, but not brood release, of Bythotrephes. To understand why laboratory-reared Bythotrephes did not release broods, we compared their fatty acid profiles with those of field-collected specimens, and found that they were EPA impoverished compared with field-collected conspecifics. Our results suggest that EPA availability influences Bythotrephes population dynamics, establishment success and impacts in nature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".