Solid‐liquid mass transfer in a rotary drum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The solid‐liquid mass transfer coefficient for slurries agitated in rotating drums with baffles was measured using the dissolution of β‐naphthol as a tracer in silica sand slurries. The effects of drum rotation rate (0.33 to 15 min−1), slurry holdup (4.4% to 17%) and solids volume fraction (0 to 0.62) on the solid‐liquid mass transfer were investigated with a slurry particle diameter of 4.6 × 10−4 m. Mass transfer coefficients were corrected for the effect of particle shrinkage due to dissolution of the tracer. The mass transfer coefficient increased with increasing rotational speed of the drum from 0.005 to 0.045 mm.5‐1. Two types of slurry motion were observed; well mixed slurry flowing over the baffles and segregation of solids on the baffles. The mass transfer coefficients from the present study, along with literature data, correlated with the Froude number to the 0.36 power, for Froude numbers from 10−6 to 10−1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".