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Record W2117613506 · doi:10.1504/ijmatei.2011.045253

Signal classification via multi-scale PCA and empirical classification methods

2011· article· en· W2117613506 on OpenAlex
Shengkun Xie, Sridhar Krishnan

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Mechatronics and Automation · 2011
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNeuroscience
TopicEEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Canadian institutionsToronto Metropolitan University
FundersMitacs
KeywordsPattern recognition (psychology)Principal component analysisArtificial intelligenceComputer scienceFeature extractionSIGNAL (programming language)WaveletFeature (linguistics)Noise (video)Scale (ratio)Discrete wavelet transformWavelet transformHilbert–Huang transformSignal processingData miningComputer visionDigital signal processingFilter (signal processing)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Data coming from a real-world complex system are usually contaminated by noises or some irrelevant components, which do not contribute to improve signal classification accuracy. Also in the process of signal feature enhancement, the performance of any statistical method used to recover the original signals may be impacted by the noise. In this paper, we propose the multi-scale principal component analysis (PCA) method, which combines discrete wavelet transform with PCA for feature enhancement and signal decomposition in both spatial and temporal domains. We developed a new classification method, called empirical classification (EC), to classify the power spectra of the feature extracted signals after the multi-scale PCA procedure. These methods were applied to a publicly available EEG database for the purpose of signal classification. An overall accuracy of 99% for the classification of 500 real EEG recordings under different considered classification problems is obtained. Our results show that signal decomposition by multi-scale PCA coupled with the EC method, leads to a highly promising accuracy in classifying epileptic EEG signals.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.702
Threshold uncertainty score0.413

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.132
GPT teacher head0.387
Teacher spread0.255 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it