Increased Circulating Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in various pathological processes including inflammatory response, cardiovascular disease, and recently also in ovarian dysfunction. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age and is characterized by chronic anovulation, insulin resistance, and increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Circulating levels of MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) so far have not been assessed in the PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were measured in 23 women with PCOS [age (mean +/- sd), 30.5 +/- 6.7 yr; body mass index, 35.8 +/- 7.5 kg/m2] and 22 healthy, regularly menstruating women (age, 29.4 +/- 5.6; body mass index, 31.7 +/- 9.2 kg/m2). RESULTS: Women with PCOS had significantly higher concentrations of MMP-2 (999.8 +/- 155 vs. 521.8 +/- 242 ng/ml; P < 0.001), MMP-9 (592.4 +/- 279 vs. 345 +/- 309; P = 0.007), and TIMP-1 levels (823.8 +/- 145 vs. 692 +/- 210 ng/ml; P = 0.02) than control healthy women. There was no difference in TIMP-2 levels (47.3 +/- 30 vs. 44.4 +/- 39.7 ng/ml; P = 0.21) between women with PCOS and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Obese women with PCOS have elevated serum concentrations of MMP-2 and -9. It might be hypothesized that elevated MMP concentrations may be related to increased cardiovascular risk in PCOS and/or menstrual irregularities associated with this syndrome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".