Phagosomal acidification: measurement, manipulation and functional consequences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phagocytosis holds a central position in the development of a successful innate immune response and in the initiation of the corresponding adaptive response. The destruction of invading pathogens and the presentation of their antigens to lymphoid cells require acidification of the phagosomal lumen. The present review discusses the mechanism of phagosome acidification, with particular reference to the two components of the protonmotive force: the chemical (pH) gradient and the electrical potential across the phagosomal membrane. A method for the in situ measurement of the electrical potential across the phagosomal membrane is described. In addition, we discuss the finding that acidification is not only a consequence, but also a critical determinant of phagosome maturation. Luminal acidification appears to function as a timing device controlling the transition between early and late phagosomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".