Bioenergetic responses of a benthic forage fish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to habitat degradation and altered prey community in polluted salt marshes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we examined bioenergetic responses of age-2+ and age-3+ mummichogs ( Fundulus heteroclitus ) to degraded habitat condition and impoverished benthic prey community in polluted salt marshes by incorporating in situ food consumption rates with the mercury mass balance model technique. In general, bioenergetic responses of mummichogs appeared to be more related to benthic prey community than habitat condition. Fish from prey-impoverished marsh (PIM) sites generally had significantly elevated total metabolic costs compared with those from non-prey-impoverished marsh (NPIM) sites. However, the PIM populations also had ~two- to three-fold higher consumption rates than the NPIM populations, suggesting that the PIM populations may be capable of adjusting food consumption to offset elevated metabolic costs. Furthermore, only age-2+ females of the PIM populations had significantly reduced growth rates, whereas there was little among-site differences for age-2+ males and age-3+ fish, indicating that an increased consumption by the PIM populations may also have been a compensatory mechanism to maintain growth. Most of the PIM populations, however, had substantially (up to 80%) lower growth conversion efficiency relative to the NPIM populations. These findings suggest that pollution-tolerant fishes such as mummichogs may have energetic costs of living in chronically degraded habitats.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".