Cloning and Localization of Three Forms of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Including the Novel Whitefish Form, in a Salmonid, Coregonus clupeaformis1
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cells containing different GnRH peptides currently are thought to have distinct locations and functions in the brain. Lake whitefish is the first salmonid species to have three forms of GnRH peptide in contrast to later-evolving salmonids (salmon and trout) in which only two forms have been identified. Our objective was to isolate the cDNAs that code for these transcripts and to localize the transcripts for the three forms of GnRH in adult lake whitefish brain. Also, we provide phylogenetic analysis of these three whitefish genes based on their preprohormone sequence. From whitefish we isolated cDNAs encoding chicken (c)GnRH-II, salmon (s)GnRH, and the novel whitefish (wf)GnRH. The three cDNAs each encode only one GnRH and are placed in separate groups with phylogenetic analysis. A combination of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry with two antisera revealed neurons that expressed protein and/or mRNA for cGnRH-II in the midbrain and hindbrain; sGnRH in the olfactory nerve and bulb, ventral telencephalon, and preoptic area; and wfGnRH in the same latter two brain regions and the hypothalamus. Thus, in the anterior brain, cells containing sGnRH and wfGnRH were in the same brain areas but not at identical locations in the ventral telencephalon and preoptic area. Based on our results, we speculate that both sGnRH and wfGnRH have gonadotropin-releasing roles in the lake whitefish brain.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it