An easy-to-use heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Physical mixtures of alkali and earth alkali metal carbonates and commercially available zeolites were investigated as solid catalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation. Best results for the model reaction between benzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate were obtained for a 1:4 mixture of Na 2 CO 3 with 4 Å molecular sieves (MS). The effects of the following parameters were investigated: structure of substrate, type and basicity of metal carbonate and zeolite, and temperature. Between 50 and 90°C chemical yields up to >90% were obtained without continuous removal of water and with reasonable catalyst activities and reaction times. Na 2 CO 3 MS 4 Å proved to be active for the condensation of several aldehydes and ketones with a variety of active methylene components.Key words: Knoevenagel condensation, solid basic catalysts, zeolite sodium carbonate mixtures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it