Sodium transport in plants: a critical review
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Sodium (Na) toxicity is one of the most formidable challenges for crop production world‐wide. Nevertheless, despite decades of intensive research, the pathways of Na + entry into the roots of plants under high salinity are still not definitively known. Here, we review critically the current paradigms in this field. In particular, we explore the evidence supporting the role of nonselective cation channels, potassium transporters, and transporters from the HKT family in primary sodium influx into plant roots, and their possible roles elsewhere. We furthermore discuss the evidence for the roles of transporters from the NHX and SOS families in intracellular Na + partitioning and removal from the cytosol of root cells. We also review the literature on the physiology of Na + fluxes and cytosolic Na + concentrations in roots and invite critical interpretation of seminal published data in these areas. The main focus of the review is Na + transport in glycophytes, but reference is made to literature on halophytes where it is essential to the analysis. Contents Summary 54 I. Introduction 55 II. The role of nonselective cation channels in primary sodium influx – a solid consensus. How solid is the evidence? 55 III. Low‐affinity cation transporter 1 – a forgotten link? 61 IV. Are potassium transporters implicated in sodium influx? 62 V. HKT: a saga of twists and turns – where do we stand? 64 VI. SOS: an ambiguous tale 67 VII. Vacuolar storage via NHX: some lingering questions 68 VIII. Other pathways – the apoplast and possibilities of symport with chloride 69 IX. ‘Toxic’ Na + fluxes, Na + ‘homeostasis’, and the question of cytosolic Na + 71 X. Concluding remarks 72 Acknowledgements 73 References 73
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it