Treadmill exercise in apparently asymptomatic aortic stenosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the absence of symptoms, the risk of sudden death in severe aortic stenosis is said to be lower than the risks associated with valve replacement.1-3 By contrast, without surgery, the median survival is 4.5 years with angina, 2.6 years with syncope, and less than 1 year with heart failure.4 The problem is that a proportion of these deaths occur early after the onset of symptoms. Unless investigation and surgery can be performed very quickly, death, whether sudden or not, is still unacceptably common in severe aortic stenosis. The reported cumulative risk of sudden death varies between 0–9%,4 5 and the figure of 6% in the article in this issue of Heart 6 does not appear unrepresentative in comparison with earlier data.7 8 It is possible that some of these patients had symptoms that went unrecognised, but even in studies designed with careful follow up, the mortality is 3–4% very soon after the onset of symptoms.5 9 10 Furthermore, …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".