Torsional Responses under Bidirectional Seismic Excitations: Effect of Instantaneous Load Eccentricities
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Torsional response for one-way or two-way asymmetric linear/nonlinear structural systems under uni- and bidirectional seismic excitations increases the maximum displacement demand on structural systems. In this study, we consider instantaneous load eccentricities caused by the motion of the center of mass. The eccentricities, which are time dependent, exist even for linear elastic two-way symmetric structures under seismic excitations, as the relative displacement between the center of mass and center of stiffness may not necessarily be negligible. The quantification of this second-order effect on structural response is not available in the literature. Equations are developed and some numerical results are obtained by incorporating this second-order effect for linear elastic structures under bidirectional excitations to quantify the importance of this phenomenon. The results obtained by considering more than 100 ground motion records suggest that, on average, an underestimation of seismic displacement demand can occur if this second-order effect is ignored, especially for two-way symmetrical systems. The degree of underestimation depends on the dynamic characteristics of the system and the record.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it