On near resonances and symmetry breaking in forced rotating flows at moderate Rossby number
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerical simulations are used to study a series of reduced models of homogeneous, rotating flow at moderate Rossby numbers $Ro \,{\approx}\, 0.1$ , for which both numerical and physical experiments show the generation of quasi-two-dimensional vortices and symmetry breaking in favour of cyclones. A random force at intermediate scales injects energy at a constant average rate. The nonlinear term of reduced models is restricted to include only a subset of triad interactions in Fourier space. Reduced models of near-resonant, non-resonant and near two-dimensional triad interactions are considered. Only the model of near resonances reproduces all of the important characteristics of the full simulations: (i) efficient energy transfer from three-dimensional forced modes to two-dimensional large-scale modes, (ii) large-scale energy spectra scaling approximately as $k_h^{-3}$ , where $k_h$ is the wavenumber in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and (iii) strong cyclone/anticyclone asymmetry in favour of cyclones. Non-resonances, defined as the complement to near resonances, act to reduce the energy transfer to large scales.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it