On near resonances and symmetry breaking in forced rotating flows at moderate Rossby number
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerical simulations are used to study a series of reduced models of homogeneous, rotating flow at moderate Rossby numbers $Ro \,{\approx}\, 0.1$ , for which both numerical and physical experiments show the generation of quasi-two-dimensional vortices and symmetry breaking in favour of cyclones. A random force at intermediate scales injects energy at a constant average rate. The nonlinear term of reduced models is restricted to include only a subset of triad interactions in Fourier space. Reduced models of near-resonant, non-resonant and near two-dimensional triad interactions are considered. Only the model of near resonances reproduces all of the important characteristics of the full simulations: (i) efficient energy transfer from three-dimensional forced modes to two-dimensional large-scale modes, (ii) large-scale energy spectra scaling approximately as $k_h^{-3}$ , where $k_h$ is the wavenumber in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and (iii) strong cyclone/anticyclone asymmetry in favour of cyclones. Non-resonances, defined as the complement to near resonances, act to reduce the energy transfer to large scales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".