Particle Filter Enhancement of Speech Spectral Amplitudes
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a particle filter approach to spectral amplitude speech enhancement. Spectral amplitudes are known to exhibit inter-frame dependencies and non-Gaussian statistics; however, incorporating these properties makes closed-form solutions intractable. Using the particle filter framework allows the presented algorithm to model the speech spectral amplitudes as an autoregressive process with Laplace distributed excitation. Two variants of the standard algorithm are also presented: one that uses an interacting multiple model approach to account for transitions between active speech and silence intervals, and one that allows for phase differences between the clean speech and noise complex Fourier transform coefficients. All of the particle sampling distributions are constrained to take the measurement into account, improving sampling efficiency. In experiments using wideband speech and real recorded noise the proposed algorithm variants are shown to offer natural-sounding output speech, with objective evaluation results that compare favorably to existing particle filter speech enhancement algorithms. The multiple model variant is found to improve inter-speech noise reduction, while the phase variant improves performance when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. </para>
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it