Interactions between gemini and nonionic pharmaceutical surfactants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nature and strength of the interactions between the 1,3-bis(dimethylhexadecyl)propanediammonium dibromide (16-3-16) gemini surfactant and a homologous series of nonionic polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan ester surfactants having laurate (Tween 20), stearate (Tween 60), or oleate (Tween 80) alkyl tails has been investigated. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of the mixed gemini–tween systems were determined using the du Noüy ring surface tension method, and the results have been analyzed using Clint’s, Rubingh’s, Motomura’s, and Maeda’s theories for mixed micellar systems. The results demonstrate a synergistic mixing behaviour between the Tween surfactants and the 16-3-16 gemini surfactant, where the strength of interaction is dependent upon the chain length and saturation of the Tween alkyl tail.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".