Jewish Christianity, Israel’s Stumbling and the <i>Sonderweg</i> Reading of Paul
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Sonderweg reading of Paul posits two distinct categories within Paul’s sociology of salvation. In Lloyd Gaston’s words: ‘Had all Israel followed Paul’s example, we could have had an Israel loyal to the righteousness of God expressed in the Torah alongside a gentile church loyal to the righteousness of God expressed in Jesus Christ and his fulfillment of the promises to Abraham’ (Gaston 1979: 66). In this bifurcated construction of covenantal reality, Jewish Christianity appears to be an anomaly. What to make of Israelites who are also ‘loyal to the righteousness of God expressed in Jesus Christ’? Are they doubly blessed or only misguided? Is such dual loyalty even possible or is it categorically excluded? The purpose of this article is to study the place of Jewish Christianity in the Sonderweg reading of Paul (Gaston, Gager, Stowers), the epistle to the Romans in particular. The conclusion is that, while Paul does not envisage a Sonderweg for Israel, he nevertheless assigns his own people a Sonderplatz within God’s single program of salvation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".