Favourite Pew or Box Seat? Sabbath Beliefs as a Barrier to Sporting Event Attendance on Sunday: A Congregational Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 10-item Sabbath Beliefs and Practices Scale was administered to 100 respondents as a part of a congregational study designed to investigate how beliefs about the Christian Sabbath influenced sport spectatorship on Sunday. Using a five point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) respondents were asked to indicate their strength of agreement with the statements relating to the Christian Sabbath. Key findings included: (1) a strong relationship between belief (that attending a sporting event on Sunday was sinful) and source of belief (the Bible, a church doctrine, personal belief); and (2) a significant difference in Sabbath Belief and Practices Scores as a function of length of membership in the congregation. The results suggest that these congregants would find ways to negotiate religious constraints and attend sporting events on Sunday.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".