Expression of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion Molecule 6 Oncoprotein in Atypical Ductal Hyperplastic Tissues Is Associated with the Development of Invasive Breast Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have established that women with prior atypical ductal hyperplastic (ADH) lesions have a 5-fold increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer (IBC). However, there is currently no means of identifying a subclass of ADH from women who will most likely develop cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether elevated expression of carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) in ADH tissues is associated with the development of IBC. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with archival ADH tissues and clinical information on the development/nondevelopment of IBC. The control group was ADH from patients who had no prior history of IBC and did not develop cancer within 5 years after the diagnosis of ADH (n = 44). The test group was ADH from patients who either developed cancer concurrently or subsequently after diagnosis (ADHC; n = 44). The expression of CEACAM6 was studied by immunohistochemistry and the results were statistically analyzed for significant association to develop cancer (P value), specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. RESULTS: Of the 44 control ADH tissues from patients with no history of cancer, 9 were positive for CEACAM6. Among the ADHC tissues, 40 of 44 samples were positive. Statistical analysis of CEACAM6 expression data showed a significant association between its expression and cancer development, high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of CEACAM6 in ADH lesions is strongly associated with the development of IBC, therefore, it can be applied as a diagnostic marker either singly or in combination with other marker(s) to predict IBC development in women with ADH lesions. It could also be a potential molecular therapeutic target for preventing IBC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".