Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research Article| February 01, 2001 New views of granular mass flows Richard M. Iverson; Richard M. Iverson 1U.S. Geological Survey, 5400 MacArthur Boulevard, Vancouver, Washington 98661, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar James W. Vallance James W. Vallance 2Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2FK6, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Richard M. Iverson 1U.S. Geological Survey, 5400 MacArthur Boulevard, Vancouver, Washington 98661, USA James W. Vallance 2Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2FK6, Canada Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 02 Jun 2000 Revision Received: 16 Oct 2000 Accepted: 25 Oct 2000 First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (2001) 29 (2): 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0115:NVOGMF>2.0.CO;2 Article history Received: 02 Jun 2000 Revision Received: 16 Oct 2000 Accepted: 25 Oct 2000 First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Richard M. Iverson, James W. Vallance; New views of granular mass flows. Geology 2001;; 29 (2): 115–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0115:NVOGMF>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Concentrated grain-fluid mixtures in rock avalanches, debris flows, and pyroclastic flows do not behave as simple materials with fixed rheologies. Instead, rheology evolves as mixture agitation, grain concentration, and fluid-pressure change during flow initiation, transit, and deposition. Throughout a flow, however, normal forces on planes parallel to the free upper surface approximately balance the weight of the superincumbent mixture, and the Coulomb friction rule describes bulk intergranular shear stresses on such planes. Pore-fluid pressure can temporarily or locally enhance mixture mobility by reducing Coulomb friction and transferring shear stress to the fluid phase. Initial conditions, boundary conditions, and grain comminution and sorting can influence pore-fluid pressures and cause variations in flow dynamics and deposits. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.018 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".