Multixenobiotic resistance in coelomocytes from three echinoderm species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AB Aquatic Biology Contact the journal Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections AB 12:81-96 (2011) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00327 Multixenobiotic resistance in coelomocytes from three echinoderm species Émilie Doussantousse1, Émilien Pelletier1,*, Lucie Beaulieu2,3, Louis-Charles Rainville1, Claude Belzile1 1Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER), and 2Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec G5L 3A1, Canada 3Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada *Corresponding author. Email: emilien_pelletier@uqar.qc.ca ABSTRACT: Multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) proteins are known to be present in most living organisms, but only a few studies have been conducted on echinoderms and especially on their circulating cells, the coelomocytes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of MXR activity in coelomocytes of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, the sea star Leptasterias polaris and the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. Cells were exposed to fluorescent substrates (1 µM Rhodamine B [RB] or 0.5 µM calcein-AM [CAM]), with or without inhibitors (50 µM verapamil [Ver], 5 µM cyclosporin-A [CsA] and 5 µM MK571 [MK]), and single-cell fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry. The combinations RB + CsA and RB + Ver induced a fluorescence increase in S. droebachiensis and L. polaris coelomocytes, as well as in S. droebachiensis vibratile cells. The combination RB + MK induced a fluorescence increase in S. droebachiensis and C. frondosa coelomocytes. Finally, the combination CAM + MK induced a fluorescence diminution in L. polaris coelomocytes and S. droebachiensis vibratile cells. This difference in fluorescence incorporation indicated an MXR-like activity in coelomocytes, probably due to the presence of a P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and a multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)-like transporter. Western blot analysis was also carried out (Ab C219 and Ab C9) in order to detect potential MXR proteins using anti-MXR antibodies. Both Pgp and MRP were detected, but could not be further discriminated. MXR activity was clearly demonstrated in coelomocytes of S. droebachiensis, L. polaris and C. frondosa, although the identity of proteins responsible for this activity needs to be confirmed. KEY WORDS: Multixenobiotic resistance · MXR · Echinoderms · Coelomocytes · P-glycoprotein · Pgp · Multidrug resistance-associated proteins · MRPs Full text in pdf format PreviousCite this article as: Doussantousse É, Pelletier É, Beaulieu L, Rainville LC, Belzile C (2011) Multixenobiotic resistance in coelomocytes from three echinoderm species. Aquat Biol 12:81-96. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00327 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AB Vol. 12, No. 1. Online publication date: April 06, 2011 Print ISSN: 1864-7782; Online ISSN: 1864-7790 Copyright © 2011 Inter-Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".