Localization of protein inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in rat kidney
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx), renal cortical and inner medullary neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression is downregulated, associated with decreased urinary excretion of nitric oxide (NO) products. Recently, a novel 89-amino acid protein [protein inhibitor of nNOS (PIN)] was isolated from rat brain and shown to inhibit nNOS activity. The present studies localized PIN in the rat kidney and determined the effect of 5/6 Nx on PIN expression. By RT-PCR, PIN mRNA was detected in the kidney cortex and inner medulla. Immunohistochemistry revealed staining for PIN in glomerular and vasa rectae endothelial cells. PIN was also localized to the apical membranes of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. Two weeks after 5/6 Nx, inner medullary PIN expression was significantly upregulated (sham, 0.18+/-0.07 vs. 5/6 Nx, 0.58+/-0.13 arbitrary units; n = 6, P<0.02), as determined by Western blotting. In summary, our data show that PIN, a specific inhibitor of nNOS activity, is expressed in the IMCD, a site of high nNOS expression in the kidney. PIN expression is upregulated in the inner medulla of 5/6 Nx rats. Inhibition of nNOS activity by PIN may have important implications for the regulation of NO synthesis in the IMCD of normal and remnant kidneys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".