Modeling Solvent Influence on Growth Mechanism of Nanoparticles (Au, Co) Synthesized by Surfactant Free Laser Processes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Co and Au nanoparticles have been synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation and fragmentation in various liquids ( n -hexane, diethyl ether, toluene, 2-propanol, acetone, and methanol) to investigate their influences on the size of the generated particles. Results suggest that nanoparticle growth with the absence of surfactants occurs from light absorption by the colloids through diffusion coalescence and can be controlled by the solvent polarity, the processing time, and the laser power. Furthermore, the growth has been related to the electrostatic repulsion energy and to the change in the nanoparticle temperature due to the laser light absorption by using the DLVO theory. Nanosecond laser annealing of Au particles in methanol also confirms the proposed model.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it