Palmitoylation of Apolipoprotein B Is Required for Proper Intracellular Sorting and Transport of Cholesteroyl Esters and Triglycerides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is an essential component of chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins. ApoB is a palmitoylated protein. To investigate the role of palmitoylation in lipoprotein function, a palmitoylation site was mapped to Cys-1085 and removed by mutagenesis. Secreted lipoprotein particles formed by nonpalmitoylated apoB were smaller and denser and failed to assemble a proper hydrophobic core. Indeed, the relative concentrations of nonpolar lipids were three to four times lower in lipoprotein particles containing mutant apoB compared with those containing wild-type apoB, whereas levels of polar lipids isolated from wild-type or mutant apoB lipoprotein particles appeared identical. Palmitoylation localized apoB to large vesicular structures corresponding to a subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum, where addition of neutral lipids was postulated to occur. In contrast, nonpalmitoylated apoB was concentrated in a dense perinuclear area corresponding to the Golgi compartment. The involvement of palmitoylation as a structural requirement for proper assembly of the hydrophobic core of the lipoprotein particle and its intracellular sorting represent novel roles for this posttranslational modification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".