CD44 Deficiency Increases Tubular Damage But Reduces Renal Fibrosis in Obstructive Nephropathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CD44 is a glycoprotein involved in inflammation and cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions. CD44 is upregulated in the kidney upon injury; however, its role in the pathogenesis of renal damage and fibrosis remains largely unknown. The authors show that mice lacking CD44 developed more tubular damage, associated with decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells, but less renal fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction. In addition, impaired influx of macrophages and decreased accumulation of myofibroblasts was observed in the obstructed kidney of CD44(-/-) mice compared with CD44(+/+) mice. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) exert reciprocal functions in the progression of renal diseases and interact with CD44 in vitro. For the first time, the authors establish diminished HGF-signaling, via its high affinity receptor c-Met, in the absence of CD44 in vivo. In parallel, the signaling of TGF-beta1 reflected by the relative phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad-2 and Smad-3 was reduced in the obstructed kidney of CD44(-/-) mice. In conclusion, CD44 exerts protective effects on tubuli but contributes to renal fibrogenesis at least in part through enhancement of HGF and TGF-beta1 signaling pathway in obstructive nephropathy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".