Kinetics and isotherm studies for the adsorption of phenol using low cost micro porous ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study, the potential of ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon for adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution was investigated. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature. Adsorption kinetics was tested for first order, second order, and Bangham’s model and rate constants of kinetic models were evaluated. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of phenol were analysed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models. The Langmuir adsorption capacity, Q0, was found to be 92·58 mg g−1 of the adsorbent. pH effect showed that physical adsorption might be involved in the adsorption process. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of phenol by activated carbon was an endothermic process. The negative value of ΔG0 indicated the spontaneity of the adsorption process. Removal of phenol from synthetic wastewater was also tested. This study showed that ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon could be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the removal of phenol from water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".