Multiple Patterns and Components of Persistent Inward Current With Serotonergic Modulation in Locomotor Activity–Related Neurons in Cfos-EGFP Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using CFos-EGFP transgenic mice (P6-P12), we targeted persistent inward current (PIC) in the spinal interneurons activated by locomotion. Following a locomotor task, whole cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from ventral EGFP+ neurons in spinal cord slices (200-250 μm from T₁₃-L₄). PIC was recorded by a family of 10 s voltage bi-ramps starting from -70 mV with 30 mV steps. PIC could be classified as ascending and descending forms based on the rising and falling phases of the bi-ramps. Multiple patterns of PIC with various hystereses were found in EGFP+ neurons. A novel form of PIC, single PIC crossing both phases of the bi-ramps, was described in this study. PIC was found in 82% of EGFP+ neurons (n = 129) with no significant difference in laminar distribution. PIC activated at -56.7 ± 8 mV with an amplitude of 85.3 ± 59 pA and time constant of 657.0 ± 272 ms (n = 63). PIC in lamina VIII neurons activated significantly lower (-60.2 ± 7 mV) than in lamina VII (-54.8 ± 6 mV) and lamina X (-55.8 ± 9 mV) neurons. PIC could be differentiated as calcium dependent (Ca-PIC) by bath application of 1-5 μM TTX or sodium dependent (Na-PIC) by administration of 20-30 μM dihydropyridine. Ca-PIC activated at -40.2 ± 19 mV (n = 49), whereas Na-PIC activated at -46.8 ± 16 mV (n = 17). Composite-, Ca-, and Na-PICs were significantly different in activation but not amplitude and time constant. Bath application of 5-HT (10-30 μM) enhanced PIC (n = 32) by hyperpolarizing onset (4.2 ± 6 mV) and increasing amplitude (16%). 5-HT-increased amplitude seemed to be significantly larger in lamina VII neurons (32%) than VIII (6%) and X (14%) neurons. 5-HT enhancement of Ca-PIC (n = 6) and Na-PICs (n = 4) was also observed in EGFP+ neurons. This study unveiled unique properties of PICs in EGFP+ neurons. The lamina-related PIC activation and variable effects of 5-HT on PIC amplitude provides insight into the ionic basis on which locomotion could be generated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".