Encapsulation of hydrophobic aroma in whey protein nanoparticles
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aroma-loaded nanoparticles (d < 300 nm) were prepared by cross-linking denatured whey protein through pH-cycling. The effect of nanoparticulation conditions and aroma concentration on the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles and aroma release profile was studied. Better retention of aroma was observed when ethyl hexanoate was added before nanoparticle formation. The highest aroma retention was obtained for nanoparticles produced at pH 5.0 and 5.5 without calcium addition. These nanoparticles are characterized by a less compact and more porous internal structure allowing a higher loading of aroma. Increasing aroma concentration increased the diameter and the voluminosity of the aroma-loaded nanoparticles. The percentage of aroma retention showed an increase from 7% to 24% over the tested concentration range while the value averaged 2% for native or denatured whey protein. Encapsulation of ethyl hexanoate in whey protein nanoparticles reduced the mass transfer of aroma at the surface of the matrix and improved its retention.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it