BRONCHIAL CASTS OF HUMAN LUNGS USING NEGATIVE PRESSURE INJECTION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Negative-pressure casting techniques have been used for obtaining silicone rubber casts of the avian respiratory system, which contains minute air capillaries, noncompressible hollow bones, and highly flexible air sacs. The possibilities of this technique for the study of human airway diseases, which present technical difficulties similar to those of avian lungs, are investigated here. Left lungs from patients with various obstructive lung diseases or with normal lungs were fixed at autopsy under 25 cm H2O airway pressure with 2.5% phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde. Cannulated, isolated lobes were placed in a vacuum chamber, and Dow Corning 734 RTV silicone elastomer, diluted with 10% low-viscosity silicone oil, was introduced into the airways at--10 kPa. Following complete polymerization, the tissue was microdissected to reveal the lung cast in situ, and histological sections were obtained for correlative studies. The tissue was then macerated in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The total time from fixation to finished cast was 3-4 days. Linear shrinkage of the elastomer was less than 1% in glutaraldehyde or water and between 1 and 2% in bleach. The negative-pressure injection technique enabled complete and accurate filling of airways to the alveolar duct level at physiological pressures and provided good delineation of blind cavities such as obstructed airways or ecstatic mucous gland ducts. The technique proved useful for the study of obstructive lung disease and should also prove useful for modelling aerosol deposition in diseased lungs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".