Eocene Scaled Chrysophytes with Pronounced Modern Affinities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is the first documentation of scaled chrysophytes of Tertiary age. Siliceous scales belonging to four genera (Synura, Mallomonas, Chrysosphaerella, and Spiniferomonas) are preserved in middle Eocene (∼47 Ma) lacustrine mudstones deposited in a posteruptive crater associated with kimberlite intrusion near Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories, Canada. Astonishingly, most of these microfossils have remarkable morphological affinities with extant congeneric taxa, indicating that the unique siliceous ornamentation of the scaled chrysophytes, including scales, spines, and bristles, was fully evolved by the middle Eocene. These observations imply that the scaled chrysophytes experienced prolonged intervals of relative evolutionary stasis during Neogene and Quaternary times and thus provide a new evolutionary milepost for this algal group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".