Effect of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway on influenza A virus propagation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway has attracted much recent interest due to its central role in modulating diverse downstream signalling pathways associated with cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, morphology and apoptosis. An increasing amount of information has demonstrated that many viruses activate the PI3K/Akt pathway to augment their efficient replication. In this study, the effect of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway on influenza virus propagation was investigated. It was found that Akt phosphorylation was elevated in the late phase of influenza A/PR/8/34 infection in human lung carcinoma cells (A549). The PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002 could suppress Akt phosphorylation, suggesting that influenza A virus-induced Akt phosphorylation is PI3K-dependent. UV-irradiated influenza virus failed to induce Akt phosphorylation, indicating that viral attachment and entry were not sufficient to trigger PI3K/Akt pathway activation. Blockage of PI3K/Akt activation by LY294002 and overexpression of the general receptor for phosphoinositides-1 PH domain (Grp1-PH) led to a reduction in virus yield. Moreover, in the presence of LY294002, viral RNA synthesis and viral protein expression were suppressed and, possibly as a consequence of low NP and M1 protein level, viral RNP nuclear export was also suppressed. These data suggest that the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway plays a role in influenza virus propagation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".