The Role of Inducible Repressor Proteins in the Adrenergic Induction of Arylalkylamine-<i>N</i>-Acetyltransferase and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 in Rat Pinealocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of two inducible repressor proteins, inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra-2) in the adrenergic induction of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) as compared with their roles in the induction of arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) in rat pinealocytes. Treatment of pinealocytes with norepinephrine (NE) caused an increase in the mRNA and protein levels of MKP-1 and AA-NAT, as well as in the AA-NAT activity and melatonin production. NE stimulation also caused a simultaneous increase in the mRNA and protein levels of ICER and Fra-2. Transient knockdown of icer using adenovirus expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished the NE induction of icer expression but had little effect on the NE induction of mkp-1 or aa-nat expression. In contrast, pretreatment with adenovirus overexpressing icer was effective in reducing the NE induction of mkp-1 and aa-nat. The inhibitory effect of overexpressing icer was reversed by cotreatment with siRNA against icer. siRNA against fra-2 also abolished the NE-stimulated expression of fra-2 but had little effect on the NE induction of mkp-1 and aa-nat expression. Proteasomal inhibition, which reduced the NE-stimulated induction of aa-nat, caused a reduction of ICER and Fra-2. Together, these results indicate that whereas overexpression of ICER can suppress the NE induction of aa-nat and mkp-1, the amount of the repressors, ICER and Fra-2, present during NE induction appears insufficient to exert a significant effect in controlling the expression of these genes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".