Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the power of administrative tribunals to grant remedies for breaches of the Charter of Rights. That power is now extensive. Under the supremacy clause of section 52 of the Constitution Act, 1982, an administrative tribunal that has the power (express or implied) to decide questions of law can also decide on the constitutionality of laws, including even the constitutionality of provisions of its own enabling statute. Under the remedial clause of section 24 of the Constitution Act, 1982, an administrative tribunal that is deemed to be a “court of competent jurisdiction” (and most tribunals are) can award a declaration, injunction, costs, or other appropriate and just remedy, for breach of the Charter of Rights. Whenever an administrative tribunal grants a Charter remedy, whether under section 52 or section 24, it is subject to judicial review on a standard of correctness.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.027 | 0.059 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".