Critical evaluation of surface tension of binary liquid mixtures from associated and nonassociated processes at various temperatures: an experimental and theoretical study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Densities and surface tensions were measured for the binary liquid mixtures formed by formamide, N-methylacetamide, di-methylformamide, and di-methylacetamide with acetonitrile at 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure over the whole concentration range. The Prigogine–Flory–Patterson model, the Ramaswamy and Anbananthan model, the model devised by Glinski, the Sanchez equation, the Goldsack relation, and the Eberhart model were used to predict the associational behaviour of weakly interacting liquids. The measured properties were fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial relation to estimate the binary coefficients and standard errors. Furthermore, the McAllister multibody interaction model was used to correlate the binary properties. These nonassociated and associated models were compared and tested for different systems showing that the associated processes yield fair agreement between theory and experiment compared with nonassociated processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".