Composition, Structure, and Electrochemical Behavior of Sol-Gel Derived Nanoparticulate Pt Thin Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A Pt sol was formed using a sol-gel derived methodology. This sol, and films formed from it, were characterized using various techniques. The nanoparticulate phase, seen by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), exhibited a notable temperature dependence, with the particles averaging 1-3 nm diam when dried at room temperature and 3-6 nm diam when dried at 400°C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of metallic Pt in these films. The charge density of films deposited on Au also exhibited a temperature dependence, with maximum charge densities being exhibited at ca. 200°C. The increase from room temperature to 200°C can be attributed to thermal conversion of residual oxidized Pt in the film to metallic Pt, as well as improved electrical connectivity between the particles due to sintering. Above 200°C, sintering becomes a major contributor to the loss of charge density, as it reduces the electroactive surface area. The efficiency of use of the metallic Pt was examined using electrochemistry and the quartz crystal microbalance technique, and was found to be 20-25%. A second phase, consisting of larger crystallites, was also found in as-formed films by both TEM and scanning electron microscopy. While this phase could be removed by rinsing with acid, it could not be identified by either X-ray diffraction or XPS. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".