Antagonism of Bacillus subtilis Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Lactuca sativa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives of this study were select and test the efficiency of the Bacillus subtilis strain and its metabolites against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in all stages of its cycle. The bacterium was selected by performing antibiosis test against this and other pathogens, being selected that one who obtained the best result. For the assessment of radial mycelial growth under the influence of metabolite, this was added to PDA culture medium and the fungus was placed on its surface, being evaluated daily in the both directions. The test with volatiles was performed by using the two surfaces of the Petri dish, each containing culture medium, putting the fungus and the bacteria separately one on each surface without any contact between them, being measured every day the mycelial growth dimensions. For the evaluating the direct effect on the sclerotia was applied 1 mL of bacterial suspension (1.002 absorbance value at wavelength of 550 nm) to observe the possible presence of harmful substances to this structure. The test for the possible protection provided by the strain on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was performed with four varieties grown up to 60 days after sowing, when was sprayed the bacterial suspension following the best incubation time tested. The antibiosis test showed a decreased by 16.33% compared to control. The metabolite, when mixed into the culture medium showed better inhibition results of the radial mycelial growth when concentration and incubation time were greater. The volatile test showed a reduction of 83.33% on mycelial growth. For the test with sclerotia, the mycelial and carpogenic germination were higher than the control. In vivo treatments with lettuces were observed differentiated levels of control, and some plants showed extremely sensitive to bacterial cells concentration used. This study show the B. subtilis as a biocontrol agent applying different strategies to control the pathogen and also the hipensensitive plant reaction in some cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".