Sex‐specific, seasonal foraging tactics of adult grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) revealed by state–space analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In many large pelagic animals, observing behavior is limited to observation by radio or satellite telemetry. In many cases, discriminating different behaviors from telemetry data has been a key, but often elusive, goal. Here we use state-space models (SSMs) to fit a correlated random walk (CRW) model that switches between two unobserved behavioral states (nominally foraging and traveling) to 41 male and 43 female adult grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) satellite telemetry tracks. The SSM results reveal markedly different spatial behavior between the sexes, fitting well with sexual size dimorphism and known dietary differences, suggesting that the sexes deal with seasonal prey availability and reproductive costs differently. From these results we were also able to produce behaviorally informed habitat use maps, showing a complex and dynamic network of small, intensely used foraging areas. Our flexible SSM approach clearly demonstrates sex-related behavioral differences, fine scale spatial and temporal foraging patterns, and a clearer picture of grey seal ecology and role in the Scotian Shelf ecosystem.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it