Pollen-ovule ratios in seven species of<i>Vaccinium</i>(Ericaceae) and stamen structure in<i>Vaccinium myrtilloides</i>and<i>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</i><sup>1</sup>This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Pollination biology research in Canada: Perspectives on a mutualism at different scales”.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pollen-ovule (P/O) ratios were determined for five Vaccinium species (Ericaceae) native to eastern Canada (Nova Scotia: V. angustifolium, V. boreale, V. caespitosum, V. corymbosum, V. uliginosum), one in western Canada (Saskatchewan: V. myrtilloides), and one (V. vitis-idaea) from both provinces. Pollen, released at maturity as tetrads, was converted to total pollen grains per flower to yield P/O ratios ranging from 238 (V. caespitosum) to 2008 (V. vitis-idaea), but 736 for the latter in Saskatchewan. These P/O ratios are indicative of facultative autogamy to facultative xenogamy. Additionally, the structure of mature stamens and pollen tetrads was studied in V. myrtilloides and V. vitis-idaea. Each anther was functionally bilocular; had a single-cell thickness (i.e., epidermis) with regularly occurring papillae; lacked an endothecium; and possessed two distal, hollow tubules each terminating in a pore. Overall pollen grain viability was 76%–97% (V. myrtilloides) and 51%–93% (V. vitis-idaea), with about 20% of tetrads having only 1–3 grains viable, and 12% and 27% of tetrads entirely nonviable in V. myrtilloides and V. vitis-idaea, respectively. Pollen tetrads occasionally were connected by a sticky substance resembling pollenkitt, but viscin threads were absent. One instance of precocious (in situ) germination of tetrads was recorded within anthers of V. myrtilloides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".