Mathematical descriptions for the behaviour of ice-rich frozen soils at temperatures close to 0 °C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the use of creep and constant strain rate (CSR) tests, mathematical formulations were found that describe the thermomechanical behaviour of ice-rich frozen soils. A Glen-type relationship was chosen for the formulation of minimum creep strain rates at temperatures between 4 °C and 1 °C. The shear strength of the material could be described by a MohrCoulomb failure criterion. Furthermore, it was possible to compare the creep behaviour with the strength of similar soils under constant strain rates. The minimum creep strain rate increases proportionally as the temperature approaches the melting point of the ice, which can be attributed to the increasing amount of unfrozen water, which strongly influences the mechanical response. Even though only a few tests could be used for the determination of the angle of friction and the apparent cohesion, the trend showed that the volumetric ice content influences both parameters, but only the latter seems to be influenced by the temperature and the applied compression strain rate.Key words: permafrost, frozen soil, creep, strength.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".