The effect of hormone therapy on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in women with chronic kidney disease: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease affects approximately one in ten North Americans and is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Chronic kidney disease in women is characterized by an abnormal sex hormone profile and low estradiol levels. Since low estradiol levels are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk in healthy women, our objective is to determine the effect of hormone therapy on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity in women with chronic kidney disease. METHODS/DESIGN: Studies examining hormone therapy for adult women with chronic kidney disease will be included. The primary outcome is all-cause or cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. We will search electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)) along with relevant conference proceedings, table of contents of journals, and review articles. Two investigators will independently screen identified abstracts and select observational cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials examining hormone therapy in women with chronic kidney disease. These investigators will also independently abstract data from relevant full-text journal articles and assess risk of bias. Where possible, these data will be summarized using pooled or combined estimates for the risk ratio or hazard ratio of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity in women with chronic kidney disease with and without hormone therapy. A random effects model will be used, and meta-regression and subgroup analyses will be used to explore potential source of heterogeneity. DISCUSSION: Given the high burden of cardiovascular disease in women with chronic kidney disease, this study will help guide clinical practice by summarizing current evidence on the use of hormone therapy for prevention of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity in this population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: The final protocol was registered with PROSPERO ( CRD42014014566) .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.024 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.036 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".