188 PLURIPOTENCY OF PORCINE EMBRYONIC AND INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS RELATED WITH THE EXPRESSIONS OF EPITHELIAL–MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND APOPTOTIC MARKERS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In transgenic pig production for generating animal models of human diseases, apoptosis of an early implantation embryo disturbs the transgenic pig production. Porcine embryonic stem cells (pESC) and porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSC) have an advantage for the generation of transgenic pigs; however, porcine stem cells have not yet been established. In addition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) may play a critical role in embryo development and apoptosis. Thus, in this study we generated pESC and pIPSC and further examined the changes in EMT and apoptotic markers. We cultured pESC and piPSC in pESC media containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), doxicyclin, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and performed RT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase (AP) test to measure pluripotency markers. The RT-PCR results show that OCT-4, NANOG, and SOX2 were expressed in these stem cells, characteristic of stem cells. AP-positive cells were observed in pESCs and piPSC. In addition, we performed immunocytochemistry (ICC) to examine the expression of surface markers, such as SSEA-1 and SSEA-4. We found that pESC and piPSC expressed these markers, indicating that they have a stem cell property similar to rodent and human stem cells. Second, we treated pESC and piPSC with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) to examine the relationship between EMT and apoptotic markers, and confirmed a significant variation of EMT and apoptotic markers, i.e. bcl-2, bax, E-cadherin, and vimentin, by Western blot analysis. In a future study, we will examine the effect(s) of various endocrine hormones secreted by the ovary, such as E2 or P4, on the expressions of EMT and apoptotic markers in pESC and piPSC. Consequently, this study will contribute to elucidate underlying mechanism(s) of EMT and apoptosis by endocrine factors to prevent early apoptosis of pig embryos in these porcine stem cells. This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (No. PJ009599), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".