Evaluation of Two Methods of the Jump Float Serve in Volleyball
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel jump-focused (JF) technique of the jump float serve was compared with the conventionally used contact-focused (CF) method. Seven elite male (height: 195 ± 6 cm) and two elite female (height: 181 and 182 cm) volleyball players were videoed at 60 Hz performing both techniques. Horizontal and vertical ball contact coordinates, pre- and postcontact ball velocities, and initial projection angles were determined. The JF technique resulted in a significantly higher mean contact height, t(8) = 4.12, p = .006, d = 0.72, initial serve speed, t(8) = 4.71, p = .006, d = 2.03, and significantly flatter initial projection angle, t(8) = 2.53, p = .036, d = 0.63, relative to the CF technique. The precontact vertical ball velocity was also significantly higher, t(8) = 8.04, p = .004, d = 2.86. The higher precontact vertical ball velocity suggests it is more difficult to make accurate contact with the ball during the JF technique. However, this method promotes a more favorable ball trajectory and a greater initial serve speed. When combining the random lateral movement patterns inherent in any float serve, with the reduced flight time associated with the JF technique, a more challenging passing scenario can be presented to the defensive team in comparison with the current CF technique.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it