Effect of malnutrition on the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil in young rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil in malnourished rats using a diet with a restriction in energy and nutrients (group M), a diet with a low quality protein (group K) and a good quality diet (group C) as a control. METHODS: The rats were fed with the corresponding diet during 21 days. After this period a single oral dose of cefuroxime axetil (equivalent to a 2.2 mg dose of cefuroxime) was administered, and plasma samples were taken at 0, 5, 10, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes; samples were assayed using an HPLC assay. Biochemical parameters were also measured an a microscopy study of the small intestine was done. After a 21 day period of recovery of the malnourished groups a second pharmacokinetic study was performed using the same sample times as in the first study. RESULTS: In malnourished animals of group K the levels of plasma proteins were low, and showed higher concentrations of fat in the liver. The relative bioavailability of cefuroxime was 78.2% for group M and 64.4% for group K. Groups M and K presented lower values of area under the curve, which means that the amount of antibiotic absorbed was lower than group C. In the second pharmacokinetic study although the animals received a good quality diet, it was observed that the area under the curve of group K was lower, and the relative bioavailability was 54.3%, while group M had similar pharmacokinetic values than control group. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime was affected by malnutrition, suggesting that the absorption process via the transporter was modified in the malnourished groups, specially in the group fed with a low quality protein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".