The Impact of Multinational Auto Manufacturers on the Market Structural of Chinese Saloon Car Industry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper studies the structural characteristics of Chinese Saloon Car market of 1993-2002 by three market structural indexes: rate of market concentration, HHI index and logarithm variance of manufacturer scale. We prove that the Saloon Car market that once was largely occupied by several monopolies has gradually developed into a multivariate competitive market. Although the multinational auto manufacturers still have a strong control of national auto market, the violent reaction of oligopoly with the continuing opening of the market is emerging. After WTO accession, the recombining situations of Chinese auto industry, which are participated by multinational auto manufacturers, have been fixed on the whole, but it is not the result of sufficient market competition. The Chinese auto market will still face danger of being shuffled after the transitional period of WTO. It is possible to create a more stable and mature market structure only after Chinese Saloon Car industry carries through a reconstruction which based on a more fairness and orderly competition. Keywords: Multinational Enterprise, Market Structure, Rate of Market Concentration, Saloon Car Industry Resume: Ce texte etudie les caracteristiques structurales du marche chinois de berline entre 1993 et 2002 a l’aide de trios index structuraux : vitesse de concentration du marche , index HHI , et la variance logarithmique de l’echelle de fabricant . On constate que le marche de berline , occupe aurapavant largement par plusieurs monopoles , est devenu graduellement un marche concurrentiel multivariant . Bien que les fabricants multinationaux d’automobile aient encore un controle fort sur le marche national de voiture , la reaction forte d’oligopole avec l’ouverture continuelle du marche est en train de s’emerger . Apres l’accession a l’OMC , la fusion de l’industrie chinoise d’automobile , participee par les fabricants multinationaux d’automobile a ete determinee dans l’ensemble , mais ce n’est pas le resultat de la concurrence du marche . Le marche chinois d’automobile fera face a la recomposition apres la periode de transition de l’OMC . Il est possible de creer une structure plus stable et mur du marche apres la traversee de reconstruction de l’industrie chinoise de berline . Cette reconstruction doit se baser sur la concurrence plus juste et plus ordonnee . Mots-cles: enterprise multinationale , structure du marche , vitesse de concentration du marche , industrie de berline
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".