Comparison between headspace and vacuum gas extraction techniques for the gas chromatographic determination of dissolved gases from transformer insulating oils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The conventional headspace sampling technique is highly efficient for analyzing dissolved gases in transformer oil apart from the relatively long time that the analytes take to equilibrate between the sample and vapor phases. By mixing the sample during the equilibration period, the equilibration time was shortened by a factor of 15. Under these conditions, analysis of the gases of the first sample is completed in 32 min, while analysis of each subsequent sample takes only 20 min. The results of the analysis of dissolved-gas standards by the headspace sampling technique were compared to those obtained by four labs using the ASTM D3612 method. Our technique compares well to the vacuum gas extraction technique with a number of accurate analyses higher than the best results obtained by the participating labs. An average relative standard deviation of 4% for all gases studied was observed. Excellent correlation between the results of the analysis of 80 transformer oil samples by these two techniques was noted for all gases of interest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".