Analytical method development of long-chain ketones in PM<sub>2.5</sub>aerosols using accelerated solvent extraction and Gc/FID/MSD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An analytical method has been developed to determine long-chain n-alkan-2-ones (C10–C33) in atmospheric particulate matter. This involves (1) solvent extraction with a Dionex Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE 200), followed by nitrogen blowdown; (2) a clean-up procedure using silica-gel chromatography to separate fractions of different polarities; and (3) gas chromatography with mass-selective detector (GC/MSD) identification and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID) quantitation. The recovery rates in the extraction/blowdown steps were quantified at different extraction and blowdown temperatures. The maximum recoveries for the selected ketones, obtained at 40°C for both extraction and blowdown, are 70–100% for the extraction step and 92–101% for the combined steps of blowdown and silica gel separation depending on the chain length of the ketones. The overall analytical instrumental detection limits for the ketones are <0.24 ng/µL in the GC/FID.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".