The response of zooplankton in a whole-lake experiment on the effects of a cage aquaculture operation for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is hope that increased development of aquaculture will help meet future global needs for protein. The growth of the freshwater aquaculture industry in Canada, however, has been hampered by insufficient information on environmental impacts. We examined the effects of an experimental cage aquaculture operation for rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) on planktonic Crustacea and rotifers using 6 years of precage and 7 years of postcage data. Following the initiation of aquaculture, total crustacean and rotifer biomass, egg production, and depth distributions did not change significantly when compared with data from three nearby unimpacted lakes. We found statistically detectable increases in densities of Bosmina cf. longirostris and Diacyclops thomasi and an overall change in crustacean zooplankton community structure using correspondence analysis. The response of zooplankton was less than we expected because comparatively large changes were observed in phytoplankton biomass, hypolimnetic O2, and densities of invertebrate ( Mysis diluviana ) and fish predators. Our study emphasizes the need to monitor multiple variables when assessing the ecosystem impacts of potential stressors such as aquaculture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".