Benzothiadiazole-cored regioregular oligothiophenes as building blocks for novel crystalline low band-gap conjugated polymers with solution processibility
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on conjugated polymers and soluble fullerene derivatives have been intensively studied due to their simple device structure, easy thin-film casting process, low fabrication cost, and high power conversion efficiency. To further enhance the efficiency, it is of paramount importance to develop new p-type polymeric semiconductors with high charge mobility and narrow energy band gaps. In this paper, we report on an innovative way to synthesize low band-gap conjugated polymers with high crystallinity and reasonable solubility for wet process by using electron-acceptor cored regioregular oligothiophenes as building blocks. These novel building blocks can copolymerize with coplanar fused aromatic compounds, such as indolo[3,2-b]carbazole, to form crystalline polymers with enhanced interchain interaction. Two alternating copolymers P(InCzThnBTD) (n = 2-3) synthesized in this work show much narrower optical band gaps than widely used regioregular P3HT. In addition, the first ionization energy of both synthesized polymers remains high at ~5.17 eV, which is important to achieve large open-circuit voltage (Voc) and improve air stability. Remarkably, the bulk heterojunction photovoltaic (PV) cells fabricated from P(InCzTh2BTD) and PC61BM exhibited a promising PV performance with a PCE = 3.6 %, Voc= 0.69 V, Jsc= 9.17 mA/cm2, and FF = 0.57.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".