Injections of NGF Into Neonatal Frontal Cortex Decrease Social Interaction as Adults: A Rat Model of Schizophrenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) into the developing frontal cortex (FC) has been shown to produce adult-onset subcortical dopaminergic hyperactivity, impaired prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, and several neuropathological features of schizophrenia. The present study was to determine whether such lesions would lead to impaired social interaction, a prominent negative feature of schizophrenia. METHODS: Rat pups received daily injections of human recombinant NGF into the developing FC on postnatal days 1 and 2 to partially lesion subplate neurons. Lesioned rats were tested in similar-treatment pairings lasting 23.5 hours using the EthoVision behavioral monitoring system at 6 and 14 weeks of age. Brains were then perfusion fixed for histological analysis. RESULTS: Lesioned rats showed significantly increased movement, relative to controls, during the light phase at 6 weeks of age. At 14 weeks, they maintained a significantly greater mean distance apart from one another, and engaged in significantly less approach and avoidance behavior during the dark phase, relative to controls. Histological changes were consistent with those described previously in this animal model. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that injections of NGF into the developing FC of neonatal rats result in reduced social interaction, which is consistent with behaviors observed in human schizophrenia patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".